One of my daughters is on the verge of making a monumental decision about where to attend college, and an important factor under discussion is the weather. Here in Southern California, we certainly enjoy an abundance of sunshine. We’re all well aware that winters are far longer, colder and darker just about everywhere else. During the winter months, and especially in more severe climates, doctors observe a type of depression referred to as Seasonal Affective Disorder, or (appropriately) SAD.
Also known as “seasonality”, or the “winter blues”, SAD is a type of depression that tends to recur year after year as the days grow shorter and colder. There is most definitely a statistical increase in the occurrence of depression during the winter season. In psychiatric circles, it is still under discussion as to whether this is a separate distinct disorder, or if people who are already prone to one of the depressive disorders simply have flare-ups during winter months. It is also unclear whether the depression is caused by decreased sunlight, colder weather, or by the increased isolation and stress that comes with winter months. There is some indication that sunlight, entering through the retina, stimulates the production of chemicals in the brain that have an antidepressant effect.
The primary sign of seasonal affective disorder is a pattern of depressive episodes that occurs with the onset of winter. Sufferers may eat more, crave carbohydrates, sleep excessively, experience chronic fatigue, have crying spells, irritability, body aches, loss of sex drive, gain weight, or exhibit significant social withdrawal.
The second sign of the disorder is the tendency for these symptoms to abate once the days become longer and warmer in the spring. For a doctor to make the diagnosis, the pattern of seasonal depression must be present for at least two consecutive years, without any occurrence of non-seasonal depression.
Who gets SAD? There are clearly more cases among those who live farther north, where there is less daylight and less warm weather. Younger people tend to be diagnosed more frequently with SAD. Women are far more likely to be diagnosed than men (in general, women are diagnosed at higher rates for major depression than are men).
Light therapy, while unproven, is often recommended. Daily exposure to a full spectrum fluorescent light appears to significantly improve depression in those with a tendency to SAD. These lamps are easy to find (try the Internet) and cost roughly $200.00.
Traditional treatments for depression are also recommended, including both therapy and antidepressant medication. Spend time outdoors when possible, and take vacations in warm, sunny places.
Fortunately for my local readers, we live in paradise. (Just ask my daughter, who was delighted to come home from that college visit and exchange her down jacket for flip-flops.) Most of us, however, have loved ones who live in colder, darker climates and may suffer from SAD. Or, you may be considering moving to colder climates for a job, finances…or college. Consider the weather when making your decision, as it may play a significant role in your seasonal happiness.
As always, I wish you the best of health.
Tags: SAD